April 20, 1998

PEW VALUES UPDATE: AMERICAN SOCIAL BELIEFS 1997 - 1987

Questionnaire Part I

PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS
                NOVEMBER 1997 VALUES UPDATE SURVEY
                       -- FINAL TOPLINE --
                         Nov 5 - 9, 1997
                        Nov 13 - 17, 1997
                            N = 1,165

Hello, I am _____ calling for Princeton Survey Research Associates in Princeton, New Jersey.
We are conducting a telephone opinion survey for leading newspapers and TV stations around
the country.  I'd like to ask a few questions of the youngest male, 18 years of age or older,
who is now at home. [IF NO MALE, ASK:  May I please speak with the oldest female, 18 years of
age or older, who is now at home?]

Q.1  Do you approve or disapprove of the way Bill Clinton is handling his job as President?
[IF DK ENTER AS DK.  IF DEPENDS PROBE ONCE WITH:  Overall do you approve or disapprove of
the way Bill Clinton is handling his job as President?  IF STILL DEPENDS ENTER AS DK]
                        Approve  Disapprove    DK
     November, 1997        57        30      13=100
     September, 1997       58        29      13=100
     August, 1997          59        32       9=100
     June, 1997            54        34      12=100
     May, 1997             57        34       9=100
     April, 1997           55        34      11=100
     February, 1997        60        32       8=100
     Early February, 1997  57        30      13=100
     January, 1997         59        31      10=100
     November, 1996        57        34       9=100
     July, 1996            54        38       8=100
     June, 1996            54        38       8=100
     April, 1996           53        39       8=100
     March, 1996           55        38       7=100
     February, 1996        51        39      10=100
     January, 1996         50        43       7=100
     October, 1995         48        42      10=100
     September, 1995       45        42      13=100
     August, 1995          44        44      12=100
     June, 1995            50        40      10=100
     April, 1995           47        43      10=100
     March, 1995           44        44      12=100
     February, 1995        44        44      12=100
     December, 1994        41        47      12=100
     November, 1994        48        40      12=100
     October, 1994         41        47      12=100
     Early October, 1994   38        47      15=100
     September, 1994       41        52       7=100
     July, 1994            45        46       9=100
     June, 1994            42        44      14=100
     May, 1994             46        42      12=100
     March, 1994           45        42      13=100
     January, 1994         51        35      14=100
     Early January, 1994   48        35      17=100
     December, 1993        48        36      16=100
     October, 1993         44        42      14=100
     September, 1993       49        35      16=100
     Early September, 1993 43        43      14=100
     August, 1993          39        46      15=100
     May, 1993             39        43      18=100
     Early May, 1993       45        37      18=100
     April, 1993           49        29      22=100
     February, 1993        56        25      19=100


Q.2  Do you approve or disapprove of the job the Republican leaders in Congress are doing?
[IF DK ENTER AS DK.  IF DEPENDS PROBE ONCE WITH:  Overall do you approve or disapprove of
the job the Republican leaders in Congress are doing?  IF STILL DEPENDS ENTER AS DK]
                        Approve  Disapprove    DK
     November, 1997        40        44      16=100
     August, 1997          42        44      14=100
     June, 1997            33        50      17=100
     May, 1997             40        44      16=100
     April, 1997           40        44      16=100
     February, 1997        44        42      14=100
     January, 1997         38        47      15=100
     November, 1996        40        43      17=100
     July, 1996            38        48      14=100
     June, 1996            36        50      14=100
     April, 1996           39        46      15=100
     March, 1996           35        51      14=100
     February, 1996        33        53      14=100
     January, 1996         36        54      10=100
     October, 1995         36        51      13=100
     September, 1995       36        50      14=100
     August, 1995          38        45      17=100
     June, 1995            41        45      14=100
     April, 1995           44        43      13=100
     March 1995            43        39      18=100
     December, 1994        52        28      20=100


INTERVIEWER: FOR QUESTIONS Q.3 THRU Q.6, DETERMINE WHAT DAY OF THE WEEK IT IS. IF
THE DAY OF THE WEEK IS SUNDAY, SUBSTITUTE "FRIDAY." IF THE DAY OF THE WEEK IS NOT
SUNDAY, READ "YESTERDAY".
I'd like to ask you a few questions about how you spent your day yesterday...
Q.3  Did you get a chance to read a daily newspaper yesterday, or not?
IF "YES" IN Q.3, ASK:
Q.3a About how much time did you spend reading a daily newspaper yesterday? (DO NOT READ)

                                  April  June  March Feb   Jan   March  Gallup
                                  1996   1995  1995  1994  1994  1991    1965
     50   Read the paper           50     52    45    58    49    56      71
           8   Less than 15 min.    7      7     9     7     7    n/a     n/a
          14   15-29 min.          15     15    14    15    15    n/a     n/a
          17   30-59 min.          18     18    16    21    17    n/a     n/a
          10   1 hour or more      10     11     6    14    10    n/a     n/a
           1   Don't know           *      1     0     1     *    n/a     n/a
     50   Didn't read paper        50     48    55    42    50    44      29
      0   Don't know                *      *     *     0     1     *       0
     100                          100    100   100   100   100   100     100


ASK ALL:
Q.4  Did you watch the news or a news program on television yesterday, or not?
IF "YES" IS Q.4, ASK:
Q.4a About how much time did you spend watching the news or any news programs on TV
yesterday? (DO NOT READ)
                                  April  June  March Feb   Jan   March Gallup
                                  1996   1995  1995  1994  1994  1991   1965
     68   Watched TV News          59     64    61    74    72    68     55
           4   Less than 15 min.    3      3     4     3     3    n/a    n/a
          11   15-29 min.           6      8     9     8     8    n/a    n/a
          23   30-59 min.          21     24    21    25    25    n/a    n/a
          30   1 hour or more      29     28    27    37    36    n/a    n/a
           *   Don't know           *      1     *     1     *    n/a    n/a
     31   Did not watch            40     35    38    26    27    32     45
      1   Don't know                1      1     1     0     1     *      0
     100                          100    100   100   100   100   100    100

ASK ALL:
Q.5  Apart from news, did you watch anything else on television yesterday or not?
IF "YES" IN Q.5, ASK:
Q.5a About how much time did you spend watching TV yesterday, not including the
news? (DO NOT READ)
                                                          June  Feb
                                                          1995  1994
     64   Yes                                              59    69
           2   A half hour or less                          1     2
           5   Thirty minutes or less than one hour         4     3
          15   About an hour or more                       10    11
           7   More than one hour but less than two hours   6     7
          16   Two hours to less than three hours          16    19
          11   Three hours to less than four hours         10    12
           8   Four hours or more                          11    14
           *   Don't know/Refused                           1     1
     36   Did not watch                                    40    31
      *   Don't know                                        1     0
     100                                                  100   100


ASK ALL:
Q.6  About how much time, if any, did you spend listening to any news on the radio
yesterday, or didn't you happen to listen to the news on the radio yesterday? (DO NOT READ)

                                 April  June  March Feb   Jan   March Gallup
                                 1996   1995  1995  1994  1994  1991   1965
     44   Yes, listened           44     42    47    47    47    44     58
          12   Less than 15 min.  12     13    16    14    15    n/a    n/a
           9   15-29 min.         11      9    12    11    10    n/a    n/a
           9   30-59 min.         10      9     9     9    10    n/a    n/a
          14   1 hour or more     11     11    10    13    12    n/a    n/a
     55   Didn't Listen           55     56    52    52    52    56     42
      1   Don't know               1      2     1     1     1     *      0
     100                         100    100   100   100   100   100    100


INTERVIEWER: IF THE DAY OF THE WEEK IS SUNDAY, BEGIN THIS SERIES WITH "Now thinking
about yesterday..." OTHERWISE BEGIN WITH "Again, thinking about yesterday..."
Q.7  Did you spend any time reading a magazine?
IF "YES" IN Q.7, ASK:
Q.7a About how much time did you spend reading magazines yesterday? (DO NOT READ)

                                                June     Feb
                                                1995     1994
     32   Yes                                    31       33
           6   Less than 15 minutes               4        5
           8   15 to less 30 minutes              8        9
           9   30 minutes to less than one hour  11       10
           9   One hour or more                   8        9
           *   Don't know/Refused                 *        *
     68   No                                     69       67
      *   Don't know                              *        0
     100                                        100      100


ASK ALL:
Q.8  Not including school or work related books, did you spend anytime reading a book
yesterday?  (IF YES:Was it a work of fiction or non-fiction?)

                                                 June  Feb
                                                 1995  1994
     35   Yes                                     30    31
               SUBJECT
          16   Fiction                            14    14
          17   Non-fiction                        14    17
           1   Both                                1     *
           1   Don't know                          1     0
               TIME
           2   Less than 15 minutes                1     2
           5   15 to less than 30 minutes          4     3
          10   30 minutes to less than one hour    8     9
          17   One hour or more                   17    17
           1   Don't know                          0     0
     65   No   GO TO Q.9                          70    69
      *   Don't know/Refused   GO TO Q.9           *     *
     100                                         100   100


ASK ALL:
Q.9  Now I am going to read you a series of statements that will help us understand how you
feel about a number of things.  For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree
with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it.
The first one is... (READ ITEMS, IN ORDER. DO NOT ROTATE)
                                       Completely  Mostly  Mostly    Completely Don't
                                       Agree       Agree   Disagree  Disagree   Know
a.   People like me don't have any say
     about what the government does     15          31        35        18      1=100
          July, 1994                    22          32        31        15      *=100
          May, 1993                     15          37        31        16      1=100
          June, 1992                    14          36        32        17      1=100
          Nov, 1991                     22          28        28        21      1=100
          May, 1990                     19          38        31        11      1=100
          Feb, 1989                     22          40        29         8      1=100
          May, 1988                     16          39        33        11      1=100
          May, 1987                     14          38        34        12      2=100

b.   Generally speaking, elected
     officials in Washington lose
     touch with the people pretty
     quickly                            32          44        18         5      1=100
          July, 1994                    39          44        13         3      1=100
          May, 1993                     29          53        13         3      2=100
          June, 1992                    35          49        12         3      1=100
          Nov, 1991                     41          43        11         4      1=100
          May, 1990                     30          48        17         2      3=100
          Feb, 1989                     30          50        16         2      2=100
          May, 1988                     26          50        19         3      2=100
          May, 1987                     22          51        21         3      3=100

c.   Most elected officials care what
     people like me think                6          35        38         19     2=100
          July, 1994                     4          29        41         25     1=100
          May, 1993                      5          35        42         16     2=100
          June, 1992                     5          31        46         16     2=100
          Nov, 1991                      7          29        39         23     2=100
          May, 1990                      7          37        39         14     3=100
          Feb, 1989                      5          39        42         12     2=100
          May, 1988                      5          42        40         11     2=100
          May, 1987                      5          42        40          9     4=100

d.   Voting gives people like me some
     say about how government runs
     things                             27          40        23          9     1=100
          July, 1994                    24          42        21         11     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     32          42        15          9     2=100
          May, 1990                     23          50        18          7     2=100
          Feb, 1989                     25          48        20          5     2=100
          May, 1988                     26          49        18          5     2=100
          May, 1987                     23          55        15          4     3=100

e.   Success in life is pretty much
     determined by forces outside
     our control                        10          23        37         28     2=100
          July, 1994                    14          25        33         26     2=100
          May, 1993                     11          30        41         16     2=100
          June, 1992                    11          27        38         21     3=100
          May, 1990                     11          29        39         18     3=100
          May, 1988                     13          28        37         19     3=100
          May, 1987                      8          30        41         16     5=100

f.   Hard work offers little guarantee
     of success                         13          20        34         32     1=100
          July, 1994                    15          24        32         28     1=100
          June, 1992                    15          30        30         22     3=100
          Nov, 1991                     20          24        29         25     2=100
          May, 1990                     10          26        40         23     1=100
          Feb, 1989                     14          27        36         21     2=100
          May, 1988                     11          21        40         26     1=100
          May, 1987                      7          22        44         24     3=100

g.   I admire people who get rich
     by working hard                    52          37         7          3     1=100          July, 1994                   51           37           8          3       1=100
          June, 1992                    47          42         7          3     1=100

h.   The strength of this country today
     is mostly based on the success of
     American business                  22          54        16          5     3=100
          July, 1994                    26          52        15          5     2=100
          June, 1992                    24          54        15          5     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     29          47        15          6     3=100
          May, 1990                     20          57        14          3     6=100
          Feb, 1989                     23          54        14          4     5=100
          May, 1988                     25          54        14          3     4=100
          May, 1987                     16          60        16          3     5=100

i.   Government regulation of business
     usually does more harm than good   20          37        32          5     6=100
          July, 1994                    27          36        28          5     4=100
          June, 1992                    19          42        28          5     6=100
          May, 1990                     16          42        29          4     9=100
          May, 1988                     17          40        31          4     8=100
          May, 1987                     12          43        30          4    11=100

j.   The federal government should
     run ONLY those things that cannot
     be run at the local level          33          41        17          7     2=100
          July, 1994                    38          40        14          5     3=100
          May, 1990                     26          51        16          2     5=100
          May, 1987                     22          53        16          3     6=100

k.   When something is run by the
     government, it is usually
     inefficient and wasteful           27          37        27          7     2=100
          July, 1994                    33          36        25          5     1=100
          May, 1993                     24          45        24          5     2=100
          June, 1992                    29          41        24          4     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     32          36        23          7     2=100
          May, 1990                     22          45        25          4     4=100
          Feb, 1989                     26          39        26          5     4=100
          May, 1988                     24          42        26          3     5=100
          May, 1987                     19          44        27          4     6=100

l.   The Federal Government controls
     too much of our daily lives        29          35        29          6     1=100
          July, 1994                    37          32        25          5     1=100
          May, 1993                     26          39        30          4     1=100
          June, 1992                    28          36        29          5     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     32          31        28          7     2=100
          May, 1990                     22          40        29          5     4=100
          Feb, 1989                     22          35        34          9     3=100
          May, 1988                     25          36        31          5     3=100
          May, 1987                     18          40        32          5     5=100

m.   The government is really run
     for the benefit of all the people   9          39        35         15     2=100
          July, 1994                    10          32        38         19     1=100
          June, 1992                     8          36        37         17     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     11          37        34         16     2=100
          May, 1990                     10          42        35         10     3=100
          Feb, 1989                     12          45        31         10     2=100
          May, 1988                     11          42        34         10     3=100
          May, 1987                      9          48        31          8     4=100

n.   Business corporations generally
     strike a fair balance between
     making profits and serving the
     public interest                     7          38        40         12     3=100
          July, 1994                     7          38        38         15     2=100
          June, 1992                     5          35        42         14     4=100
          Nov, 1991                      8          32        38         19     3=100
          May, 1990                      5          38        37         13     7=100
          Feb, 1989                      5          33        44         12     6=100
          May, 1988                      6          36        39         13     6=100
          May, 1987                      4          39        38         10     9=100

o.   There is too much power
     concentrated in the hands of
     a few big companies                31          42        20          5     2=100
          July, 1994                    31          42        22          4     1=100
          May, 1993                     26          46        22          3     3=100
          June, 1992                    30          47        18          3     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     41          39        14          3     3=100
          May, 1990                     29          48        15          3     5=100
          Feb, 1989                     35          49        12          1     3=100
          May, 1988                     35          44        15          2     4=100
          May, 1987                     27          50        16          2     5=100

p.   Business corporations make
     too much profit                    21          37        31          7     4=100
          July, 1994                    22          39        28          7     4=100
          May, 1993                     22          41        27          5     5=100
          June, 1992                    21          39        29          5     6=100
          Nov, 1991                     29          36        23          7     5=100
          May, 1990                     23          40        24          6     7=100
          Feb, 1989                     27          45        20          3     5=100
          May, 1988                     25          40        25          4     6=100
          May, 1987                     21          44        24          4     7=100

q.   It is time for Washington
     politicians to step aside and
     make room for new leaders          27          41        23          4     5=100
          July, 1994                    34          45        14          4     3=100
          June, 1992                    38          46        12          2     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     32          45        16          4     3=100
          May, 1990                     21          40        26          4     9=100
          Feb, 1989                     20          38        30          4     8=100
          May, 1988                     26          42        22          3     7=100
          May, 1987                     16          46        26          3     9=100

r.   Dealing with a federal
     government agency is often
     not worth the trouble              21          44        27          4     4=100
          July, 1994                    26          43        22          6     3=100
          June, 1992                    21          43        27          4     5=100
          May, 1990                     21          44        24          4     7=100
          May, 1988                     20          43        27          4     6=100
          May, 1987                     14          44        29          3    10=100

s.   Many people today think they
     can get ahead without working
     hard and making sacrifices         25          37        24         12     2=100
          July, 1994                    27          38        22         12     1=100
          June, 1992                    24          39        22         13     2=100

t.   As Americans we can always find
     a way to solve our problems
     and get what we want               19          52        20          7     2=100
          July, 1994                    20          48        24          6     2=100
          May, 1993                     12          47        31          7     3=100
          June, 1992                    16          50        24          8     2=100
          Nov, 1991                     19          49        22          8     2=100
          May, 1990                     13          52        24          6     5=100
          Feb, 1989                     14          55        23          5     3=100
          May, 1988                     15          51        23          7     4=100
          May, 1987                     12          56        24          4     4=100

u.   I don't believe that there are
     any real limits to growth in
     this country today                 17          39        31         10     3=100
          July, 1994                    22          40        28          8     2=100
          May, 1993                     14          42        34          7     3=100
          June, 1992                    19          39        30          8     4=100
          Nov, 1991                     24          38        26          9     3=100
          May, 1990                     19          46        25          5     5=100
          Feb, 1989                     22          46        23          5     4=100
          May, 1988                     19          45        26          6     4=100
          May, 1987                     17          50        24          4     5=100

v.   We need new people in Washington
     even if they are not as effective
     as experienced politicians         16          34        33         14     3=100
          July, 1994                    20          40        28         10     2=100
          June, 1992                    20          36        30         11     3=100
          May, 1990                     13          34        37         10     6=100
          May, 1988                     16          35        33         10     6=100
          May, 1987                      9          35        38         10     8=100


ON ANOTHER SUBJECT...
Q.10 Are you now employed full-time, part-time or not employed?

                                      May   June  Feb   July  Mar
                                      1997  1996  1995  1994  1994
     55   Full-time                    53    57    55    55    53
     12   Part-time                    12    13    11    12    14
     33   Not employed -- GO TO Q.12   35    30    34    33    32
      *   DK/Ref -- GO TO Q.12          *     *     *     *     1
     100                              100   100   100   100   100

Q.11 and Q.11a BASED ON THOSE EMPLOYED FULL-TIME OR PART-TIME:
Q.11 Do you now earn enough money to lead the kind of life you want, or not?

                                                         U.S. News & World Report
                           May   June  Feb   July  Mar    Oct   Aug   May   Jan
                           1997  1996  1995  1994  1994   1992  1992  1992  1992
     41   Yes               46    44    41    40    44     36    33    34    39
     59   No                54    56    58    60    56     63    66    65    61
      *   DK/Ref             *     *     1     *     *      1     1     1     *
     100                   100   100   100   100   100    100   100   100   100
    N=827


Q.11a     Do you think you will be able to earn enough money in the future to lead the
kind of life you want, or not?

                            May   June  Feb   July  March  Oct   Aug   May   Jan
                            1997  1996  1995  1994  1994   1992  1992  1992  1992
     33   Yes                34    34    35    34    33     35    36    34    34
     24   No                 18    20    20    24    20     36    25    28    22
      2   DK/Ref              2     2     3     2     3      5     5     3     5
     59%                     54%   56%   58%   60%   56%    63%   66%   65%   61%


ASK ALL:
Q.12 Did you happen to use a personal computer at home yesterday?
IF "YES" IN Q.12, ASK:
Q.12a     About how much time did you spend using a personal
computer at home yesterday? (DO NOT READ)

                                                      June  Feb
                                                      1995  1994
     26   Yes                                          14    14
           4   A half hour or less                      3     -
           6   30 minutes to less than one hour         3     -
           6   About an hour                            3     -
           2   More than one but less than two hours    1     -
           3   Two to less than three hours             2     -
           3   Three to less than four hours            1     -
           2   Four or more hours                       1     -
           *   Don't know/Refused                       0     -
     74   No   GO TO Q.13                              86    86
      *   Don't know/Refused   GO TO Q.13               0     0
     100                                              100   100


ASK ALL:
Q.13 Do you ever use a computer at work, school or home to connect with other computers
over the Internet, with the World Wide Web, or with information services such as America
Online or Prodigy? (RECORD ALL THAT APPLY)

                           June
                           1995*
     37   Yes (NET)          14
          23   Yes, work      -
           8   Yes, school    -
          19   Yes, home      -
     63   No                 86
      *   DK/Ref              *
     100                    100

[*NOTE:  The 1995 figure combines responses from two separate questions:
	(1)Do you or anyone in your household ever use a modem to connect
           to any computer bulletin boards, information services such as
           CompuServe or Prodigy, or other computers at other locations?
           (IF YES, PROBE: Is that you, someone else or both?)
	(2) Do you, yourself, ever use a computer at (work) (school) (work
            or school) to connect with computer bulletin boards, information
            services such as America Online or Prodigy, or other computers
            over the Internet?]


BASED ON ALL ONLINE USERS:
Q.14 Did you happen to go on-line yesterday? [IF YES: From where did you go
on-line... from work, school, home or some combination of these?
RECORD ALL THAT APPLY]

                                      June
                                      1995
     44   Yes (NET)                    32
          20   Yes, work               15
           6   Yes, school              2
          27   Yes, home               19
           1   Yes, other locations     2
     55   No   GO TO Q.15              67
      1   DK/Ref  GO TO Q.15            1
     100                              100
     N=489                           N=997



BASED ON ONLINE USERS WHO WENT ONLINE YESTERDAY:
Q.14a     Counting all of your on-line sessions, about how much time did you spend
on-line yesterday? (DO NOT READ)
                                                   June
                                                   1995
     19   Less than a half hour                     36
     22   30 minutes to less than one hour          13
     21   About an hour                             17
      9   More than one but less than two hours      8
     10   Two to less than three hours               8
      6   Three to less than four hours              4
     12   Four or more hours                        13
      1   Don't know/Refused                         1
     100                                           100
     N=226                                         N=321